Data sources & attribution

Primary — shots & xG, 2014/15–2025/26

Understat

Shot-level expected goals for the Big-5 leagues. Feeds the scouting corpus, the Match Analyzer's Tier-1 dossiers, the season simulations and the Elo ratings.

Event data — selected competitions

StatsBomb Open Data

Free event-level data (Premier League & La Liga 2015/16, World Cups, Euros) used by the model essays — xG anatomy, expected threat, VAEP, pass networks — under the StatsBomb public-data user agreement, with attribution as required. StatsBomb data © StatsBomb Services Ltd.

Enrichment — defensive & physical boards

FotMob

Season stat boards (tackles, aerials, clearances and the rest of the defensive catalogue) joined onto the scouting corpus, plus club and player imagery.

Enrichment — challenger leagues & match layer

Sofascore

Per-player season statistics for the challenger-league pool (Eredivisie, Liga Portugal, Scottish Premiership, Belgian Pro League, Championship) and per-match enrichment.

Referenced, not used

Opta / Stats Perform

The Frontier's essays discuss Opta-based research; the site's own numbers are not computed from Opta feeds, except where WhoScored's public match centre (Opta-sourced) powers the deep-event match boards and the Scouting Terminal's Game Model layer, credited on those pages. That layer stops where event data stops: tracking-only concepts — free-man and isolation detection, cover shadows, marking schemes, gravity, la pausa, compactness, rest-defence shape, off-ball runs, dismarking — are refused rather than approximated; we name them rather than fake them.

Licensing

The upstream data remains the property of its providers under their respective terms — StatsBomb Open Data under the StatsBomb public-data user agreement, and Understat, FotMob and Sofascore under their own site terms. The site's derived numbers (ratings, percentiles, archetypes, PAR, simulations) are published for personal, non-commercial reading and research with attribution; they are not a market-data product and must not be re-sold. If you build on something here, link the page you took it from.

Contact & corrections

Author: shauntpetrossian@gmail.com

Spotted a wrong number? Report a data issue — say which page and what looks off; every report is checked against the source data.

Privacy

The site is static files. There are no analytics, no cookies, no trackers and no third-party requests. Two preferences — your color theme and your shortlist — live in your own browser's local storage and never leave it.